一、下载
进入到mysql官网下载自己对应版本的mysql,
下载地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
我这里下载mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz版本
也可以进入linux后用命令下载
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
二、环境准备
安装前,我们可以检测系统是否自带安装 MySQL:
rpm -qa | grep mysql
如有,类似
mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64
那可以选择进行卸载:
rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64 // 普通删除模式
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64 // 强力删除模式,如果使用上面命令删除时,提示有依赖的其它文件,则用该命令可以对其进行强力删除
检查否存在 mariadb 数据库,如有,卸载之,卸载同上
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
如有,类似
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
则 卸载
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
用工具将下载的mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz上传到linux服务器的/opt/目录下面
三、安装
3.1 解压文件
进入安装包所在目录,解压文件
重命名
mv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
3.2 添加系统mysql组和mysql用户
检查mysql组和用户是否存在,如无创建
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| cat /etc/group | grep mysql 类似 mysql:x:490: cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql #类似 mysql:x:496:490::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
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以上为存在的情况,如无,执行添加命令:
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| groupadd mysql useradd -r -g mysql mysql #useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户,不可用于登录系统
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3.3 安装数据库
创建data目录
cd mysql
mkdir data
将/opt/mysql的所有者及所属组改为mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql
在/opt/mysql目录下创建my.cnf
内容如下:
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| [client] # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集 default-character-set = utf8 [mysqld] # 设置3306端口 port = 3306 # 设置mysql的安装目录 basedir = /opt/mysql # 设置 mysql数据库的数据的存放目录,MySQL 8+ 不需要以下配置,系统自己生成即可,否则有可能报错 datadir = /opt/mysql/data # 允许最大连接数 max_connections = 1000 # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集 character-set-server = utf8 # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine = INNODB
#federated federated
# 大小写忽略 lower_case_table_names = 1
log-bin-trust-function-creators = 1 long_query_time = 1 log-queries-not-using-indexes slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /opt/mysql/slow_query_log.log log-bin = mysql-bin log_timestamps = SYSTEM log-error = /opt/mysql/error.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 60 expire_logs_days = 7 back_log = 128
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true sql_mode = NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
max_connect_errors = 40 wait_timeout = 60 interactive_timeout = 7200
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M innodb_log_file_size = 128M innodb_log_files_in_group =3
max_binlog_size = 512M max_allowed_packet = 32M key_buffer_size = 256M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
query_cache_size = 256M query_cache_type = 1 query_cache_limit = 50M thread_cache_size = 200 binlog_cache_size = 2M max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M
gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 event_scheduler = on server-id = 1
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初始化 mysqld
./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/
如下图,临时密码请记住:
把启动脚本放到开机初始化目录
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
修改/etc/init.d/mysql如下:
启动mysql服务
service mysql start
登录mysql,密码为初始密码
./bin/mysql -u root -p
修改密码
mysql> set password=password('123456');
mysql> grant all privileges on . to root@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
如果提示如下错误:
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| ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
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则需要执行下面语句修改密码:
mysql> alter user user() identified by "123456";
添加远程访问权限
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set host='%' where user = 'root';
mysql> flush privileges;
重启mysql生效
service mysql restart